The modern cybersecurity landscape is defined by increasingly sophisticated threats. For decades, the password remained the foundation of information security. However, the concept of a "digital fortress" was ultimately shattered by the reality of remote work, cloud environments, and the rapid evolution of the hacker toolkit.
Indeed, according to the 2025 IBM X-Force Threat Intelligence Index, the abuse of valid credentials was the entry point in 30% of all cyber incidents. Meanwhile, the Verizon DBIR reports that 88% of basic web application attacks still rely on stolen passwords. Furthermore, reports (notably from SlashNext) highlight a sharp rise in credential-stealing phishing—up 703% in just six months. In simulations, AI-generated phishing emails achieve roughly a 54% click-through rate, compared to just 12% for traditional campaigns.
In response to this crisis, the industry broadly adopted multi-factor authentication (MFA)—namely SMS codes and push notifications. The logic seemed sound: even if a password is compromised, an attacker cannot log in without your phone. In practice, however, this simply introduced another vulnerable step: threat actors quickly mastered SMS interception and push notification fatigue attacks (MFA Fatigue).